Modeling and Optimization of Biochar Based Adsorbent Derived from Kenaf Using Response Surface Methodology on Adsorption of Cd2+

Cadmium is one of the most hazardous metals in environment, even when present at very low concentrations. This study reports systematic development Kenaf fiber biochar as an adsorbent for removal cadmium (Cd) (II) ions from water. The was aided by optimization tool. Activated prepared using physicochemical activation method, consisting pre-impregnation with NaOH and nitrogen (N2) pyrolysis. influence preparation parameters—namely, chemical impregnation (NaOH: KF), pyrolysis temperature, time on yield, rate, adsorption capacity Cd ions—was investigated. From experimental data, some quadratic correlation models were developed according to central composite design. All demonstrated a good fit data. results revealed that temperature heating main factors affected yield had positive effect ions’ rate capacity. ratio also showed specific surface area biochar, cadmium, negligible yield. optimal biochar-based obtained under following conditions: 550 °C 180 min time, 1:1 ratio. optimum 28.60% 69.82% removal, 23.48 mg/g capacity, 160.44 m2/g biochar-specific area.